Tuesday, December 27, 2011

Legend of Zelda posters

There is this liberal person on facebook working at a game store which I envy once in a while, because he's closer to my status quo. I actually have money to copy his idea.

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He bought at least 1 Legend of Zelda (Ocarina of Time 3D) poster for his room, and I stalemated him by buying posters of Ocarina of Time, Twilight Princess, Majoras Mask, Skyward Sword, Phantom Hourglass and hang them in my room. I cannot let him get away with that popularity costing only $15. Two can play at this game.

Whomever thinks this is silly, go to gamerankings.com and look up Ocarina of Time.

Sunday, December 25, 2011

Acer Christmas



AMD A6-3400M at 2.3 GHz (4 cores)
AMD Radeon HD 6520G 512 MB GDDR3
6 GB DDR3
6 cell lithium ion
15.6"
500 GB SATA
openSUSE 12.1 (KDE 4.7.2, Gnome 3.2.1, XFCE 4.8.6, LXDE 0.5.8 / 3.1.2 kernel)
Windows 7

I get internal wifi in Windows 7. I don't get wifi in Linux, yet I installed broadcom linux drivers successfully via sudo /usr/sbin/install_bcm43xx_firmware. Hope fixed in openSUSE 12.2! Didn't have wifi drivers in PC-BSD 8.2

It has no 3D games, but a mirror of my 80 GB of mp3s, aotuv vorbis 5 and aac.

I bought an Asus USB103 today to fix Yast WIFI detection. The Zune 30 and a Creative Zen touch 20 GB are new, not Christmas presents. Zen touch is the greatest battery longevity, cheapest, 20 GB media player in history.

I got a couple of laptops to use, but this is my latest owned laptop.

Thursday, December 22, 2011

The Laffer Curve Brilliant?

The story of how the Laffer Curve got its name begins with a 1978 article by Jude Wanniski in The Public Interest entitled, "Taxes, Revenues, and the 'Laffer Curve.'"1 As recounted by Wanniski (associate editor of The Wall Street Journal at the time), in December 1974, he had dinner with me (then professor at the University of Chicago), Donald Rumsfeld (Chief of Staff to President Gerald Ford), and Dick Cheney (Rumsfeld's deputy and my former classmate at Yale) at the Two Continents Restaurant at the Washington Hotel in Washington, D.C. While discussing President Ford's "WIN" (Whip Inflation Now) proposal for tax increases, I supposedly grabbed my napkin and a pen and sketched a curve on the napkin illustrating the trade-off between tax rates and tax revenues. Wanniski named the trade-off "The Laffer Curve."
I personally do not remember the details of that evening, but Wanniski's version could well be true. I used the so-called Laffer Curve all the time in my classes and with anyone else who would listen to me to illustrate the trade-off between tax rates and tax revenues. My only question about Wanniski's version of the story is that the restaurant used cloth napkins and my mother had raised me not to desecrate nice things.

The Historical Origins of the Laffer Curve

The Laffer Curve, by the way, was not invented by me. For example, Ibn Khaldun, a 14th century Muslim philosopher, wrote in his work The Muqaddimah: "It should be known that at the beginning of the dynasty, taxation yields a large revenue from small assessments. At the end of the dynasty, taxation yields a small revenue from large assessments."
A more recent version (of incredible clarity) was written by John Maynard Keynes:
When, on the contrary, I show, a little elaborately, as in the ensuing chapter, that to create wealth will increase the national income and that a large proportion of any increase in the national income will accrue to an Exchequer, amongst whose largest outgoings is the payment of incomes to those who are unemployed and whose receipts are a proportion of the incomes of those who are occupied...
Nor should the argument seem strange that taxation may be so high as to defeat its object, and that, given sufficient time to gather the fruits, a reduction of taxation will run a better chance than an increase of balancing the budget. For to take the opposite view today is to resemble a manufacturer who, running at a loss, decides to raise his price, and when his declining sales increase the loss, wrapping himself in the rectitude of plain arithmetic, decides that prudence requires him to raise the price still more--and who, when at last his account is balanced with nought on both sides, is still found righteously declaring that it would have been the act of a gambler to reduce the price when you were already making a loss.2

Theory Basics

The basic idea behind the relationship between tax rates and tax revenues is that changes in tax rates have two effects on revenues: the arithmetic effect and the economic effect. The arithmetic effect is simply that if tax rates are lowered, tax revenues (per dollar of tax base) will be lowered by the amount of the decrease in the rate. The reverse is true for an increase in tax rates. The economic effect, however, recognizes the positive impact that lower tax rates have on work, output, and employment--and thereby the tax base--by providing incentives to increase these activities. Raising tax rates has the opposite economic effect by penalizing participation in the taxed activities. The arithmetic effect always works in the opposite direction from the economic effect. Therefore, when the economic and the arithmetic effects of tax-rate changes are combined, the consequences of the change in tax rates on total tax revenues are no longer quite so obvious.
Figure 1 is a graphic illustration of the concept of the Laffer Curve--not the exact levels of taxation corresponding to specific levels of revenues. At a tax rate of 0 percent, the government would collect no tax revenues, no matter how large the tax base. Likewise, at a tax rate of 100 percent, the government would also collect no tax revenues because no one would willingly work for an after-tax wage of zero (i.e., there would be no tax base). Between these two extremes there are two tax rates that will collect the same amount of revenue: a high tax rate on a small tax base and a low tax rate on a large tax base.
The Laffer Curve itself does not say whether a tax cut will raise or lower revenues. Revenue responses to a tax rate change will depend upon the tax system in place, the time period being considered, the ease of movement into underground activities, the level of tax rates already in place, the prevalence of legal and accounting-driven tax loopholes, and the proclivities of the productive factors. If the existing tax rate is too high--in the "prohibitive range" shown above--then a tax-rate cut would result in increased tax revenues. The economic effect of the tax cut would outweigh the arithmetic effect of the tax cut.
Moving from total tax revenues to budgets, there is one expenditure effect in addition to the two effects that tax-rate changes have on revenues. Because tax cuts create an incentive to increase output, employment, and production, they also help balance the budget by reducing means-tested government expenditures. A faster-growing economy means lower unemployment and higher incomes, resulting in reduced unemployment benefits and other social welfare programs.
Over the past 100 years, there have been three major periods of tax-rate cuts in the U.S.: the Harding-Coolidge cuts of the mid-1920s; the Kennedy cuts of the mid-1960s; and the Reagan cuts of the early 1980s. Each of these periods of tax cuts was remarkably successful as measured by virtually any public policy metric.
Prior to discussing and measuring these three major periods of U.S. tax cuts, three critical points should be made regarding the size, timing, and location of tax cuts.
Size of Tax CutsPeople do not work, consume, or invest to pay taxes. They work and invest to earn after-tax income, and they consume to get the best buys after tax. Therefore, people are not concerned per se with taxes, but with after-tax results. Taxes and after-tax results are very similar, but have crucial differences.
Using the Kennedy tax cuts of the mid-1960s as our example, it is easy to show that identical percentage tax cuts, when and where tax rates are high, are far larger than when and where tax rates are low. When President John F. Kennedy took office in 1961, the highest federal marginal tax rate was 91 percent and the lowest was 20 percent. By earning $1.00 pretax, the highest-bracket income earner would receive $0.09 after tax (the incentive), while the lowest-bracket income earner would receive $0.80 after tax. These after-tax earnings were the relative after-tax incentives to earn the same amount ($1.00) pretax.
By 1965, after the Kennedy tax cuts were fully effective, the highest federal marginal tax rate had been lowered to 70 percent (a drop of 23 percent--or 21 percentage points on a base of 91 percent) and the lowest tax rate was dropped to 14 percent (30 percent lower). Thus, by earning $1.00 pretax, a person in the highest tax bracket would receive $0.30 after tax, or a 233 percent increase from the $0.09 after-tax earned when the tax rate was 91 percent. A person in the lowest tax bracket would receive $0.86 after tax or a 7.5 percent increase from the $0.80 earned when the tax rate was 20 percent.
Putting this all together, the increase in incentives in the highest tax bracket was a whopping 233 percent for a 23 percent cut in tax rates (a ten-to-one benefit/cost ratio) while the increase in incentives in the lowest tax bracket was a mere 7.5 percent for a 30 percent cut in rates--a one-to-four benefit/cost ratio. The lessons here are simple: The higher tax rates are, the greater will be the economic (supply-side) impact of a given percentage reduction in tax rates. Likewise, under a progressive tax structure, an equal across-the-board percentage reduction in tax rates should have its greatest impact in the highest tax bracket and its least impact in the lowest tax bracket.
Timing of Tax CutsThe second, and equally important, concept of tax cuts concerns the timing of those cuts. In their quest to earn after-tax income, people can change not only how much they work, but when they work, when they invest, and when they spend. Lower expected tax rates in the future will reduce taxable economic activity in the present as people try to shift activity out of the relatively higher-taxed present into the relatively lower-taxed future. People tend not to shop at a store a week before that store has its well-advertised discount sale. Likewise, in the periods before legislated tax cuts take effect, people will defer income and then realize that income when tax rates have fallen to their fullest extent. It has always amazed me how tax cuts do not work until they actually take effect.
When assessing the impact of tax legislation, it is imperative to start the measurement of the tax-cut period after all the tax cuts have been put into effect. As will be obvious when we look at the three major tax-cut periods--and even more so when we look at capital gains tax cuts--timing is essential.
Location of Tax CutsAs a final point, people can also choose where they earn their after-tax income, where they invest their money, and where they spend their money. Regional and country differences in various tax rates matter.

The Harding-Coolidge Tax Cuts

In 1913, the federal progressive income tax was put into place with a top marginal rate of 7 percent. Thanks in part to World War I, this tax rate was quickly increased significantly and peaked at 77 percent in 1918. Then, through a series of tax-rate reductions, the Harding-Coolidge tax cuts dropped the top personal marginal income tax rate to 25 percent in 1925. (See Figure 2.)
Although tax collection data for the National Income and Product Accounts (from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis) do not exist for the 1920s, we do have total federal receipts from the U.S. budget tables. During the four years prior to 1925 (the year that the tax cut was fully implemented), inflation-adjusted revenues declined by an average of 9.2 percent per year (See Table 1). Over the four years following the tax-rate cuts, revenues remained volatile but averaged an inflation-adjusted gain of 0.1 percent per year. The economy responded strongly to the tax cuts, with output nearly doubling and unemployment falling sharply.
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In the 1920s, tax rates on the highest-income brackets were reduced the most, which is exactly what economic theory suggests should be done to spur the economy.
Furthermore, those income classes with lower tax rates were not left out in the cold: The Harding-Coolidge tax-rate cuts reduced effective tax rates on lower-income brackets. Internal Revenue Service data show that the dramatic tax cuts of the 1920s resulted in an increase in the share of total income taxes paid by those making more than $100,000 per year from 29.9 percent in 1920 to 62.2 percent in 1929 (See Table 2). This increase is particularly significant given that the 1920s was a decade of falling prices, and therefore a $100,000 threshold in 1929 corresponds to a higher real income threshold than $100,000 did in 1920. The consumer price index fell a combined 14.5 percent from 1920 to 1929. In this case, the effects of bracket creep that existed prior to the federal income tax brackets being indexed for inflation (in 1985) worked in the opposite direction.
Perhaps most illustrative of the power of the Harding-Coolidge tax cuts was the increase in gross domestic product (GDP), the fall in unemployment, and the improvement in the average American's quality of life during this decade. Table 3 demonstrates the remarkable increase in American quality of life as reflected by the percentage of Americans owning items in 1930 that previously had only been owned by the wealthy (or by no one at all).

The Kennedy Tax Cuts

During the Depression and World War II, the top marginal income tax rate rose steadily, peaking at an incredible 94 percent in 1944 and 1945. The rate remained above 90 percent well into President John F. Kennedy's term. Kennedy's fiscal policy stance made it clear that he believed in pro-growth, supply-side tax measures:
Tax reduction thus sets off a process that can bring gains for everyone, gains won by marshalling resources that would otherwise stand idle--workers without jobs and farm and factory capacity without markets. Yet many taxpayers seemed prepared to deny the nation the fruits of tax reduction because they question the financial soundness of reducing taxes when the federal budget is already in deficit. Let me make clear why, in today's economy, fiscal prudence and responsibility call for tax reduction even if it temporarily enlarged the federal deficit--why reducing taxes is the best way open to us to increase revenues.3
Kennedy reiterated his beliefs in his Tax Message to Congress on January 24, 1963:
In short, this tax program will increase our wealth far more than it increases our public debt. The actual burden of that debt--as measured in relation to our total output--will decline. To continue to increase our debt as a result of inadequate earnings is a sign of weakness. But to borrow prudently in order to invest in a tax revision that will greatly increase our earning power can be a source of strength.
President Kennedy proposed massive tax-rate reductions, which were passed by Congress and became law after he was assassinated. The 1964 tax cut reduced the top marginal personal income tax rate from 91 percent to 70 percent by 1965. The cut reduced lower-bracket rates as well. In the four years prior to the 1965 tax-rate cuts, federal government income tax revenue--adjusted for inflation--increased at an average annual rate of 2.1 percent, while total government income tax revenue (federal plus state and local) increased by 2.6 percent per year (See Table 4). In the four years following the tax cut, federal government income tax revenue increased by 8.6 percent annually and total government income tax revenue increased by 9.0 percent annually. Government income tax revenue not only increased in the years following the tax cut, it increased at a much faster rate.
The Kennedy tax cut set the example that President Ronald Reagan would follow some 17 years later. By increasing incentives to work, produce, and invest, real GDP growth increased in the years following the tax cuts: More people worked, and the tax base expanded. Additionally, the expenditure side of the budget benefited as well because the unemployment rate was significantly reduced.
Using the Congressional Budget Office's revenue forecasts (made with the full knowledge of the future tax cuts), revenues came in much higher than had been anticipated, even after the "cost" of the tax cut had been taken into account (See Table 5).
Additionally, in 1965--one year following the tax cut--personal income tax revenue data exceeded expectations by the greatest amounts in the highest income classes (See Table 6).
Testifying before Congress in 1977, Walter Heller, President Kennedy's Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers, summarized:
What happened to the tax cut in 1965 is difficult to pin down, but insofar as we are able to isolate it, it did seem to have a tremendously stimulative effect, a multiplied effect on the economy. It was the major factor that led to our running a $3 billion surplus by the middle of 1965 before escalation in Vietnam struck us. It was a $12 billion tax cut, which would be about $33 or $34 billion in today's terms, and within one year the revenues into the Federal Treasury were already above what they had been before the tax cut.
Did the tax cut pay for itself in increased revenues? I think the evidence is very strong that it did.4

The Reagan Tax Cuts

In August 1981, President Reagan signed into law the Economic Recovery Tax Act (ERTA, also known as the Kemp-Roth Tax Cut). The ERTA slashed marginal earned income tax rates by 25 percent across the board over a three-year period. The highest marginal tax rate on unearned income dropped to 50 percent from 70 percent (as a result of the Broadhead Amendment), and the tax rate on capital gains also fell immediately from 28 percent to 20 percent. Five percentage points of the 25 percent cut went into effect on October 1, 1981. An additional 10 percentage points of the cut then went into effect on July 1, 1982. The final 10 percentage points of the cut began on July 1, 1983.
Looking at the cumulative effects of the ERTA in terms of tax (calendar) years, the tax cut reduced tax rates by 1.25 percent through the entirety of 1981, 10 percent through 1982, 20 percent through 1983, and the full 25 percent through 1984.
A provision of ERTA also ensured that tax brackets were indexed for inflation beginning in 1985.
To properly discern the effects of the tax-rate cuts on the economy, I use the starting date of January 1, 1983--when the bulk of the cuts were already in place. However, a case could be made for a starting date of January 1, 1984--when the full cut was in effect.
These across-the-board marginal tax-rate cuts resulted in higher incentives to work, produce, and invest, and the economy responded (See Table 7). Between 1978 and 1982, the economy grew at a 0.9 percent annual rate in real terms, but from 1983 to 1986 this annual growth rate increased to 4.8 percent.
Prior to the tax cut, the economy was choking on high inflation, high Interest rates, and high unemployment. All three of these economic bellwethers dropped sharply after the tax cuts. The unemployment rate, which peaked at 9.7 percent in 1982, began a steady decline, reaching 7.0 percent by 1986 and 5.3 percent when Reagan left office in January 1989.
Inflation-adjusted revenue growth dramatically improved. Over the four years prior to 1983, federal income tax revenue declined at an average rate of 2.8 percent per year, and total government income tax revenue declined at an annual rate of 2.6 percent. Between 1983 and 1986, federal income tax revenue increased by 2.7 percent annually, and total government income tax revenue increased by 3.5 percent annually.
The most controversial portion of Reagan's tax revolution was reducing the highest marginal income tax rate from 70 percent (when he took office in 1981) to 28 percent in 1988. However, Internal Revenue Service data reveal that tax collections from the wealthy, as measured by personal income taxes paid by top percentile earners, increased between 1980 and 1988--despite significantly lower tax rates (See Table 8).

The Laffer Curve and the Capital Gains Tax

Changes in the capital gains maximum tax rate provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of taxation on taxpayer behavior. Taxation of capital gains is different from taxation of most other sources of income because people have more control over the timing of the realization of capital gains (i.e., when the gains are actually taxed).
The historical data on changes in the capital gains tax rate show an incredibly consistent pattern. Just after a capital gains tax-rate cut, there is a surge in revenues: Just after a capital gains tax-rate increase, revenues take a dive. As would also be expected, just before a capital gains tax-rate cut there is a sharp decline in revenues: Just before a tax-rate increase there is an increase in revenues. Timing really does matter.
This all makes total sense. If an investor could choose when to realize capital gains for tax purposes, the investor would clearly realize capital gains before tax rates are raised. No one wants to pay higher taxes.
In the 1960s and 1970s, capital gains tax receipts averaged around 0.4 percent of GDP, with a nice surge in the mid-1960s following President Kennedy's tax cuts and another surge in 1978-1979 after the Steiger-Hansen capital gains tax-cut legislation went into effect (See Figure 3).
Following the 1981 capital gains cut from 28 percent to 20 percent, capital gains revenues leapt from $12.5 billion in 1980 to $18.7 billion by 1983--a 50 percent increase--and rose to approximately 0.6 percent of GDP. Reducing income and capital gains tax rates in 1981 helped to launch what we now appreciate as the greatest and longest period of wealth creation in world history. In 1981, the stock market bottomed out at about 1,000--compared to nearly 10,000 today (See Figure 4).
As expected, increasing the capital gains tax rate from 20 percent to 28 percent in 1986 led to a surge in revenues prior to the increase ($328 billion in 1986) and a collapse in revenues after the increase took effect ($112 billion in 1991).
Reducing the capital gains tax rate from 28 percent back to 20 percent in 1997 was an unqualified success, and every claim made by the critics was wrong. The tax cut, which went into effect in May 1997, increased asset values and contributed to the largest gain in productivity and private sector capital investment in a decade. It did not lose revenue for the federal Treasury.
In 1996, the year before the tax rate cut and the last year with the 28 percent rate, total taxes paid on assets sold was $66.4 billion (Table 9). A year later, tax receipts jumped to $79.3 billion, and in 1998, they jumped again to $89.1 billion. The capital gains tax-rate reduction played a big part in the 91 percent increase in tax receipts collected from capital gains between 1996 and 2000--a percentage far greater than even the most ardent supply-siders expected.
Seldom in economics does real life conform so conveniently to theory as this capital gains example does to the Laffer Curve. Lower tax rates change people's economic behavior and stimulate economic growth, which can create more--not less--tax revenues.

The Story in the States

CaliforniaMy home state of California has an extremely progressive tax structure, which lends itself to Laffer Curve types of analyses.5 During periods of tax increases and economic slowdowns, the state's budget office almost always overestimates revenues because they fail to consider the economic feedback effects incorporated in the Laffer Curve analysis (the economic effect). Likewise, the state's budget office also underestimates revenues by wide margins during periods of tax cuts and economic expansion. The consistency and size of the misestimates are quite striking. Figure 5 demonstrates this effect by showing current-year and budget-year revenue forecasts taken from each year's January budget proposal and compared to actual revenues collected.
State Fiscal Crises of 2002-2003The National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) conducts surveys of state fiscal conditions by contacting legislative fiscal directors from each state on a fairly regular basis. It is revealing to look at the NCSL survey of November 2002, at about the time when state fiscal conditions were hitting rock bottom. In the survey, each state's fiscal director reported his or her state's projected budget gap--the deficit between projected revenues and projected expenditures for the coming year, which is used when hashing out a state's fiscal year (FY) 2003 budget. As of November 2002, 40 states reported that they faced a projected budget deficit, and eight states reported that they did not. Two states (Indiana and Kentucky) did not respond.
Figure 6 plots each state's budget gap (as a share of the state's general fund budget) versus a measure of the degree of taxation faced by taxpayers in each state (the "incentive rate"). This incentive rate is the value of one dollar of income after passing through the major state and local taxes. This measure takes into account the state's highest tax rates on corporate income, personal income, and sales.6 (These three taxes account for 73 percent of total state tax collections.)7
These data have all sorts of limitations. Each state has a unique budgeting process, and no one knows what assumptions were made when projecting revenues and expenditures. As California has repeatedly shown, budget projections change with the political tides and are often worth less than the paper on which they are printed. In addition, some states may have taken significant budget steps (such as cutting spending) prior to FY 2003 and eliminated problems for FY 2003. Furthermore, each state has a unique reliance on various taxes, and the incentive rate does not factor in property taxes and a myriad of minor taxes.
Even with these limitations, FY 2003 was a unique period in state history, given the degree that the states--almost without exception--experienced budget difficulties. Thus, it provides a good opportunity for comparison. In Figure 6, states with high rates of taxation tended to have greater problems than states with lower tax rates. California, New Jersey, and New York--three large states with relatively high tax rates--were among those states with the largest budget gaps. In contrast, Florida and Texas--two large states with no personal income tax at all--somehow found themselves with relatively few fiscal problems when preparing their budgets.
Impact of Taxes on State Performance Over TimeOver the years, Laffer Associates has chronicled the relationship between tax rates and economic performance at the state level. This relationship is more fully explored in our research covering the Laffer Associates State Competitive Environment model.8 Table 10 demonstrates this relationship and reflects the importance of taxation--both the level of tax rates and changes in relative competitiveness due to changes in tax rates--on economic perforance.
Combining each state's current incentive rate (the value of a dollar after passing through a state's major taxes) with the sum of each state's net legislated tax changes over the past 10 years (taken from our historical State Competitive Environment rankings) allows a composite ranking of which states have the best combination of low and/or falling taxes and which have the worst combination of high and/or rising taxes. Those states with the best combination made the top 10 of our rankings (1 = best), while those with the worst combination made the bottom 10 (50 = worst). Table 10 shows how the "10 Best States" and the "10 Worst States" have fared over the past 10 years in terms of income growth, employment growth, unemployment, and population growth. The 10 best states have outperformed the bottom 10 states in each category examined.

Looking Globally

For all the brouhaha surrounding the Maastricht Treaty, budget deficits, and the like, it is revealing--to say the least--that G-12 countries with the highest tax rates have as many, if not more, fiscal problems (deficits) than the countries with lower tax rates (See Figure 7). While not shown here, examples such as Ireland (where tax rates were dramatically lowered and yet the budget moved into huge surplus) are fairly commonplace. Also not shown here, yet probably true, is that countries with the highest tax rates probably also have the highest unemployment rates. High tax rates certainly do not guarantee fiscal solvency.

Tax Trends in Other Countries: The Flat-Tax Fever

For many years, I have lobbied for implementing a flat tax, not only in California, but also for the entire U.S. Hong Kong adopted a flat tax ages ago and has performed like gangbusters ever since. Seeing a flat-tax fever seemingly infect Europe in recent years is truly exciting. In 1994, Estonia became the first European country to adopt a flat tax, and its 26 percent flat tax dramatically energized what had been a faltering economy. Before adopting the flat tax, Estonia had an impoverished economy that was literally shrinking--making the gains following the flat tax implementation even more impressive. In the eight years after 1994, Estonia sustained real economic growth averaging 5.2 percent per year.
Latvia followed Estonia's lead one year later with a 25 percent flat tax. In the five years before adopting the flat tax, Latvia's real GDP had shrunk by more than 50 percent. In the five years after adopting the flat tax, Latvia's real GDP has grown at an average annual rate of 3.8 percent (See Figure 8). Lithuania has followed with a 33 percent flat tax and has experienced similar positive results.
Russia has become one of the latest Eastern Bloc countries to institute a flat tax. Since the advent of the 13 percent flat personal tax (on January 1, 2001) and the 24 percent corporate tax (on January 1, 2002), the Russian economy has had amazing results. Tax revenue in Russia has increased dramatically (See Figure 9). The new Russian system is simple, fair, and much more rational and effective than what they previously used. An individual whose income is from wages only does not have to file an annual return. The employer deducts the tax from the employee's paycheck and transfers it to the Tax Authority every month.
Due largely to Russia's and other Eastern European countries' successes with flat tax reform, Ukraine and the Slovak Republic implemented their own 13 percent and 19 percent flat taxes, respectively, on January 1, 2004.
Arthur B. Laffer is the founder and chairman of Laffer Associates, an economic research and consulting firm. This paper was written and originally published by Laffer Associates. The author thanks Bruce Bartlett, whose paper "The Impact of Federal Tax Cuts on Growth" provided inspiration.

Thursday, December 15, 2011

LXDE faster than WinXP on 2001 PC

I know that KDE 4.7.2 and Gnome 3.2 were sluggish on the 2001 Compaq Presario with 512 MB of DDR, 128 MB video RAM, Athlon XP 2100, 40 GB 5200 RPM HDD.

LDXE 0.5.8 is only using 180 MB on the 3.1 kernel at beginning of LXDE desktop shell and I opened all the gnome, kde, and XFCE programs thru it. The resolution is 1280x1024. LibreOffice 3.4.2 only uses 38 MB of memory. Firefox 7.0.1 uses 140 MB, VLC uses 30 MB. With all those open, I was using 400 MB RAM

openSUSE 12.1 with XLDE selected is the best option. There is a LXDE BSD distro. "PC-BSD LXDE" would beat openSUSE in stability and security (newer UNIXs can kick the snot out of Linux). The PC BSD KDE distro uses 1 GB RAM at start up; therefore, "PC-BSD LXDE" would use almost twice Linux kernel memory.

To sum it up, Windows XP SP2 at 1280x768 with 32-bit color has slow periods on a 10 year old PC. EXT4 is more speedy than NTFS. LXDE is more speedy at 1280x1024 16-bit color on 2001 PC. If I download the nVidia driver, LXDE can be faster still.

Cyber Cold War

World Communism is Strong from The John Birch Society on Vimeo.


Chinese uses Deng Xiaoping as a philosophy and "don't fit in".

All I say is Windows isn't safe for anything important and switch to Linux (safe) or PC-BSD (safest). Using Smith Act for impeachment is more realistic too.

Tuesday, December 13, 2011

Pulsed Energy Projectile

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PASS can create plasma in mid-air by focusing to a point.

These systems would be portable and lightweight; the battery operated solid state laser system would be comparable in size to the Armbrust and Dragon anti-tank systems, …. The man-portable… weapons system is expected to be lethal in the range of 1-5 miles, due to the fact that no sharp focusing of the laser beam is required. Therefore, it is capable of engaging both short and long ranged targets of any kind, greatly increasing the engagement area of current assault rifles.

They may also be able to create significant electro-magnetic pulse effects, and there has been work on tuning these to stun or paralyze humans.
PASS can create plasma in mid-air by focusing to a point.

These systems would be portable and lightweight; the battery operated solid state laser system would be comparable in size to the Armbrust and Dragon anti-tank systems, …. The man-portable… weapons system is expected to be lethal in the range of 1-5 miles, due to the fact that no sharp focusing of the laser beam is required. Therefore, it is capable of engaging both short and long ranged targets of any kind, greatly increasing the engagement area of current assault rifles.

They may also be able to create significant electro-magnetic pulse effects, and there has been work on tuning these to stun or paralyze humans.

Saturday, December 10, 2011

Everybody's getting a gun for Xmas

I read this townhall article where guns (handguns in particular) are the most popular 2011 Christmas gift due to cartels I guess. The Beretta M9 was picked, because the military could afford the parts which obviously the Secret Service knows better than anyone. I think the secret service has the smartest officers.

My pick would be the FN Five-Seven, because it isn't like I'm using 20 rounds of ammo. It's easy to aim, its amongst the most reliable.

Operation: Delayed blowback autoloader
Caliber: 5.7x28mm
Barrel Length: 4.8 inches
Overall Length: 8.2 inches
Weight, empty 1.3 pounds
Safety: Ambidextrous, located above trigger
Sights: Fully adjustable rear, blade front
Stocks: Integral polymer frame
Magazine Capacity: 20 rounds
Finish: Matte black
Price: $1074

FN developed two systems to utilize the new 5.7x28mm cartridge: the P90 PDW and the Five-seveN service pistol. Both are modern designs manufactured from space-age corrosion-resistant materials. The P90 is a unique-looking compact submachinegun that feeds from a horizontally mounted 50-round magazine. The companion of the P90 is the Five-seveN. It is a full-size service pistol that operates via delayed blowback. I had a chance to shoot both the P90 and Five-seveN pistol on the company’s outdoor range, but I was looking to spend more time with the Five-seveN than was possible in a mere demonstration.

The model I received was FN’s Five-seveN USG. It came in a black plastic hard case with a cleaning kit, tools, lock, and two spare 20-round magazines. A full-size service pistol with a look all its own, the USG is built on a lightweight polymer frame. Quite out of the ordinary, though, is that the slide, which houses a 4.8-inch hard-chromed barrel, also has a polymer shell. Due to the amount of polymer utilized in its construction the USG, despite its size, is relatively light, just 1.3 pounds unloaded. My sample gun weighed 1.6 pounds loaded. Overall length is 8.2 inches, and it’s approximately 5.75 inches high.

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(From left to right) 5.56, 5.7x28mm SS190, 9×19, .224 BOZ, 7.62x25mm Sabot, 7.62x25mm, 5.45x18mm Soviet, 5.7x28mm SS190, 5.7x28mm SS195 LF.

the slide release is located just forward of where the safety is mounted on a 1911. This allows it to be easily depressed without having to stretch for it. Ambidextrous safety levers are mounted on both sides of the frame just above the trigger.



While this is an unusual place for a safety on a handgun, modern pistol handling doctrine calls for placing your trigger finger alongside the frame when not actually firing. This puts it right over the USG’s safety lever allowing it to be easily manipulated. To facilitate use with gloves the trigger guard is slightly oversized at the front. A takedown lever is located on the left-hand side of the pistol’s frame, allowing it to be easily stripped without tools. To show the state of the firearm, a loaded chamber indicator is mounted to the left rear of the ejection port.

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The frame of the pistol is nicely contoured and textured to provide a comfortable yet secure grip. To make the design more flexible and user friendly, the dustcover features a MIL-STD 1913 rail, which allows lights and lasers to be easily mounted. Feed is from synthetic magazines that hold a whopping 20 rounds. A magazine disconnect is incorporated into the design, but the good news is that it does not degrade the quality of the trigger. Somewhat surprisingly, the trigger on the USG is quite good, being both light and crisp with a very short reset.

. With a 20-round magazine I expected the USG’s frame to be fat and bulky. Pawing it over I was pleasantly surprised to find it quite comfortable. Magazines inserted easily, the slide retracted smoothly, and the small bottleneck rounds fed readily into the chamber. The safety took a bit to get used to, simply because I was unaccustomed to its location, but I have no negative comments about it. The ammunition I had on hand for testing was a large quantity of FN’s 28-grain JHP load. I set to work making empty brass.



I began testing by checking the Five-seveN’s accuracy from the bench at 25 yards. I fired four five-shot groups off of sandbags, and the average group size came in at two inches. Velocity of 10 rounds averaged 1951 fps, which is a good bit lower than FN’s claim. Impressed by its 25-yard accuracy, I placed a target at 50 yards and repeated my testing. At this distance the Five-seveN averaged four-inch groups and is probably capable of doing better. Recoil is very mild. The muzzle simply flips slightly and then settles back into place. It’s a very pleasant pistol to shoot.

While the Five-seveN USG pistol’s push-button magazine release is conventionally located, its slide release, ambidextrous safeties, and takedown lever are positioned differently than the norm.

From the bench I moved to running drills from a holster. For gear I selected a holster and magazine carriers from Blade-Tech, Dept. ST, 2506 104th St. Court S., Suite A, Lakewood, WA 98499; 253-581-4347; www.blade-tech.com. I’ve always had good luck with Blade-Tech gear, and it did not let me down this time. Starting at the two-yard line and working my way back to the 15-yard line, I ran various drills, including shooting strong-handed, weak-handed, and with both hands–stationary and on the move with plenty of forced reloads and failure drills.

Thanks to the excellent trigger, light recoil, mild muzzle flip, and bottomless magazine you can blister targets at a rapid rate. Lock into it and the slide simply pistons back and forth as empties fly out. When the magazine finally runs dry, punch the release and it’s kicked clear. Slap another one home, hit the slide release, and keep going. Practical accuracy is excellent, and man-sized targets are easy to hit, even at 100 yards.

I like it! It’s accurate, reliable, and easy to shoot well. Plus, it’s an awful lot of fun to shoot, especially with that deep 20-round magazine capacity. My wife Emily put her Nikon up for a bit and took a turn behind it. She liked it, too. For me, a firearm simply being fun to shoot, whether it’s an M1886 Lebel or FN’s USG, is reason enough to own it.

many vocal detractors in the U.S. doubt that this small cartridge and its ultralightweight 28- or 40-grain bullets provide adequate terminal performance. Highly respected experts, such as Dr. Gary K. Roberts, have stated current 5.7x28mm loads do not offer sufficient penetration or inflict a large enough permanent wound cavity based upon testing in ordnance gelatin. A 28-grain nonexpanding .224-inch-diameter bullet at 1950 fps is certainly no magnum. Despite this, FN stands firmly behind the 5.7x28mm and states it has worked well when employed by military/law enforcement personnel in actual shootings.

Thursday, December 8, 2011

NIKE Missile Base MSP-20

 photo MS-20Nikebase.jpg

The nike base MS-20 in Roberts, Wisconsin



http://www.governmentmilitarybase.com/pages/history-of-msp-20

Monday, November 28, 2011

Mary Shelley reverses Alzheimers

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Deep brain stimulation 'reverses' the famous disease from 5% to 8% by injecting electros like Victor Frankenstein once did with his monster!

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Saturday, November 26, 2011

Greatest Superheroes

20. Dr. Doom (Fantastic 4)
19. Hunter Rose
18. Captain America
17. Wonder Woman
16. The Punisher
15. Iron Man
14. Rorschach (Watchmen)
13 Death (Sandman)
12. The Hulk
11. Jesse Custer (Preacher)
10. The Thing (Fantastic 4)
9. Magneto (Xmen)
8. The Joker (batman)
7. Judge Dredd
6. Dream ((Vertigo)
5. Spiderman
4. Wolverine
3. John Constantine (Hellblazer)
2. Batman
1. Superman (but he should be #30 here)



Today, I bought my first comic paperbacks and hardcover. Xmen Days of Futures Past, the Dark Knight Returns and The Killing Joke. I'll probably stop right there, because comics are defunct.

30 best racing tracks

30. Mushroom City

Game: Mario Kart: Double Dash
Year: 2003

Oncoming traffic, multiple road options, changing colors—this track has everything I look for in a kart track.

29. Smokey Mountain

Game: Gran Turismo 3
Year: 2001

Another great GT track. Want to get comfortable with a car you've been tuning? Work it out on this short mountain course. Sweeping turns, great elevation changes, and unforgiving stages (no run-off = veer and you crash) made it a Gran Turismo favorite.

28. Grand Valley Speedway

Game: Gran Turismo (1-5)
Year: 1998-

This Gran Turismo staple appeared in damn near every installment of the series because it's just that dope. And I'm not just talking about the challenging right-hand hairpin that greets at you at the fifth corner. Turns six through 11 prove perfectly challenging, while the rest of the course allows you to hit some good speeds. Pretty much all you need in a racetrack.

27. Las Vegas

Game: Project Gotham Racing 3
Year: 2005

We usually see Las Vegas while drunk in the back of taxicabs, or through the lens of various horrible TV shows. Project Gotham Racing made me see it in a different light by molding an incredible street course through Sin City. Fly past all your favorite hotels and casinos, but don't lose focus on the glitzy straights: the nearly 90-degree turns are vicious as a Vegas lap dance.

26. Royal Raceway

Game: Mario Kart 64
Year: 1997

A pretty challenging course for a Mario Kart game, Royal Raceway gives you some hairpins and S-turns, and maybe a few rivers for you to fall into for good measure. Don't think of them as water hazards, though, think of them as cheats necessary components of a speed run

25. Rainbow Road

Game: Mario Kart 64
Year: 1997

The original Rainbow Road! We gave props for the F-Zero X rip-off, so you know I had to respect the architect. Basically the same track ripped off by its futuristic competitor, Rainbow Road is one of the greatest video game tracks ever. Very easy to get lost in the colors and find yourself falling in a black hole.

24. London

Game: Midnight Club: Street Racing
Year: 2000

Commercializing the illegal street racing genre, Midnight Club gave you an outlaw's world of freedom in each world/city you raced through. Our favorite was the London race, which directs you through what would otherwise be an open-world track. Think you can get to the finish line faster than the directions? Go 'head.

23. Nissan Speedway

Game: Forza Motorsport 2/3
Year: 2007, 2009

When I wanted to see my newly modified Toyota Supra hit 227 mph, I went straight to the Nissan Speedway oval. OK, so maybe it wasn't the best for actual racing—but for some late-night, hung-over fun, it was awesome.

22. Peach Beach

Game: Mario Kart 64
Year: 1997

By this point, I've all but mastered the surf & turn track that is Peach Beach. I know where the monsters will be, where to place my car so I hit the power-up ramp, and when to use the shell if I am not in first place (right after the turn onto the last pavement straightaway). How do I know all that? Because 13 years ago, that's ALL I EVER DID.

21. Alcatraz

Game: Rush 2
Year: 1998

Don't remember Rush or Rush 2? Don't feel too bad, they I know run-of-the-mill arcade racers. But Rush 2 came with a dope track called Alcatraz that had multiple levels, tight turns, and some crazy ramps. Was it enough to save a place for the game in my memory? Nah. But it was enough to earn it a spot on this list!

20. Trial Mountain Circuit

Game: Gran Turismo
Year: 1998

The original Gran Turismo's Trial Mountain Circuit did just what its name implies—it tried out talents. The track made us realize that Gran Turismo wasn't like all the other racing sims of the time. Not too long, with corners that allow for precise overtaking and tighter turns that would punish those looking for a quick cut. Many a dream was dashed on that circuit.

19. Twilight City

Game: Wave Race 64
Year: 1996

If you haven't noticed by now, I am like colorful tracks and nocturnal environments in future-based racers. What can I say? We're children of the night. People like to hate on Wave Race 64, saying that the game lost its identity and tried to copy F-Zero; they may be right, but it was still great fun. To wit: Twilight City. Color, night, and future. Trifecta!

18. Blue Mountains Raceway

Game: Forza Motorsport
Year: 2005

One of the most popular Forza tracks has you racing through a verdant countryside on a forgiving track that allows you to get a good feel for the dynamics of the game. More of a free cruiser than an actual racetrack, Blue Mountain Raceway is where everyone returned whenever they needed a confidence boost.

17.Florion Height

Game: Wipeout Fusion
Year: 2002

We had to throw a Wipeout track on here just for the fact that they somehow made everything look like you I'm traveling 3,000 mph.

16. New York City

Game: Forza Motorsport 2/3
Year: 2007

Living in New York City, I am always dream of ripping around the city without consequence. The best recreation of NYC has to be Forza's New York City course. It takes you all throughout NYC—from Battery Park to Times Square. We're pretty sure this is what Bernie Ecclestone had in mind for the NYC Formula 1 race circuit. We can only dream.

15. Shanghai

Game: Project Gotham Racing 4
Year: 2002

One of the narrowest tracks on this list, this track modeled on the city of Shanghai really gives you the impression of driving through the megalopolis' cramped conditions. Floor it on straights, then hop back on your brakes for the true 90-degree turns and sweeping lefts. And, yeah, it's a nighttime course.

14. Opera Paris

Game: Gran Turismo for PSP
Year: 2009

While Iwaited for fifth Gran Turismo, I eas treated to a PSP port that promised the same level of gameplay as the console versions. Ican't say that it delivered, but it did offer some interesting new tracks like Opera Paris, which put you smack-dab in the City of Love on a challenging road course. Hopefully its faithful recreation is one of the reasons GT5 has taken so long to see the light of day.

13. Olympic Square

Game: Need for Speed Underground
Year: 2005

If I made a track based in Las Vegas, this is exactly what it would look like. Young, fly and flashy, Olympic Square is perhaps one of the most entertaining courses to race based solely on aesthetics.

12. Motorland

Game: Gran Turismo 4
Year: 2005

Isn't that nice, Gran Turismo gave you the perfect place to practice your car control. Thanks, Kazunori Yamauchi!

11. DK Summit

Game: Mario Kart Wii
Year: 2008

This is the course that took us the longest to master in Mario Kart Wii , but once I learned how to dodge the snow traps on the ramp, I was golden. The key to this snowy course is to, ironically, stay out of the snow. It proved both challenging and fun. Can't ask for more than that.

10. Apricot Hill Raceway

Game: Gran Turismo 4
Year: 2005

At 2.4 miles, the Apricot Raceway is the perfect length. And with 83.7 feet of elevation change, it gives you enough change-ups to keep you on your toes. Classic Gran Turismo.

9. Game: Ridge Racer
Year: 1994

Was there anything more fun to drive than the High Level of the original Ridge Racer? Not in my eyes. It's the course that set the pace for all future RR installments.

8. Deep Forest Raceway

Game: Gran Turismo 2
Year: 1999

Imagine taking a SuperGT spec race car for a spin through the redwood forests in the hilly part of Northern California. Yeah, that's what this course is. Effin' epic. Yet another reason to love the Emerald Triangle. And this one's non-combustible!

7. Port Town

Game: F-Zero
Year: 1990

F-Zero changed my view of what a racing game could be. The game, based on Formula 1 racers from the way, way in the future, had high-powered hover racers and wide, flowing tracks (like my favorite, Port Town) that let them (and us) go nuts.

6. Chicago

Game: Midtown Madness
Year: 1999

I spent most of my time playing in the Cruise mode of Midtown Madness. Instead of racing against others, I just cruised around the seemingly endless expanse of cityscape, acting like I had a driver's license. We've said it before, and I'll say it again: can I please, please get a high-def version for Xbox360?

5. Rome Circuit

Game: Gran Turismo 3

Polyphony outdid themselves with this circuit. Tricky when it needs to be (watch as the road tightens up after certain turns), but still easy to cruise, Rome Circuit carved out a track in the Italian city that looked as good as it was to drive. You know what they say: when in Rome, try not to drive into the Trevi Fountain.

4. LA Freeway

Game: Cruis'n USA
Year: 1994

This is the one video game track I am sure everyone—and maybe even their fathers and mothers—has played. If you lost your composure on the many straightaways, you could be sure to have the front of your car kiss a palm tree (thankfully, there was no damage feature). If you haven't played this course, take your ass down to your local Dave & Buster's and get on it. 16 years later, it's like a hot tub time machine!

3. Banshee Boardwalk

Game: Mario Kart 64
Year: 1997

Dark, gloomy, dangerous—it's everything Mario Kart isn't. And that's why I love it. Yeah, the turns are hard to maneuver, and sure, some of the roadways are too narrow for the whole field. You know what? Life is unfair sometimes. Deal with it.

2. Ice Arena

Game: Gran Turismo 4
Year: 2005

Wait—I can take my cars and race... on ICE? OH HELL YES. Want to perform some real hoonery? Take your 600hp racer out on this track and watch the back kick out before you crash into a wall.

1. Bowser's Castle

Game: Super Mario Kart
Year: 1992

Yep, this is it. Bowser's Castle. The most sinister-looking track on this list. The spot where you could fall and burn to death if you handled an apex wrong. Yeah, it's only Super Mario Kart, and it's not as intricate or as detailed as other tracks and games, but this track struck more fear into our widdle hearts than any other I can think of. That's what racing's about: pushing through the fear. LOLZ! Nah, seriously, I can't think of a more fun game than SMK, and this was—and is—my favorite track from the game. Bong.

Friday, November 25, 2011

Legend of Zelda timeline

I only knew the Ocarina of Time > Majora's Mask > Twilight Princess timeline and the Wind Waker > Phantom Hourglass > Spirit Tracks. I thought that Wind Waker took place before Ocarina of Time. I didn't know where the hell the other games took place. This is pretty important since Ocarina of Time takes #1 at Gamerankings.com with total of 5,000+ games. Of these I've played Legend of Zelda, Link to the Past, Ocarina of Time, Majoras Mask, Wind WAker, Minish Cap, Phantom Hourglass, Twilight Princess, and Skyward Sword.

THE START: The Legend of the Gods and the Hero of Time]

- Before the events of any game in the series the only know event that happens is that the Goddess creates the earth and heavens and stopped an evil called Demise from taking over the world.
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The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword
Skyward Sword documents the reincarnation of the Goddess Hylia, the ancient battle against a revived Demise and the return of the land in the sky to the surface. During his quest Link must travel through the sky and the land below in order to increase the power of the Goddess Sword. Eventually the Goddess Sword turns it in to the famous Master Sword.
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- In between Skyward Sword and the events of the next game three eras pass: The Sky Era, The Era of Chaos - which marks the sealing of the Sacred Realm and The Era of Prosperity – the era in which the Kingdom of Hyrule of first formed.
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-The next two games are both set in the fourth ear: The Force Era.
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The Legend of Zelda: The Minish Cap
The Minish Cap shows the first true inhabitants of the Kingdom of Hyrule and also marks the rise in power of the Wind Sorcerer Vaati and his untimely death. During the game Link must re-forge an ancient sword that gives him the power to spilt in to four copies of himself.
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The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords
Four Swords is a continuation of the story from The Minish Cap. It shows the revival of Vaati, and again shows his death at the hand of the four Links.
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- After Four Swords the fifth era begins: The Era of the Hero of Time.
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The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time
Ocarina of Time shows the rise to power of Ganondorf, a descendant of Demise, who goes on to win the Triforce of Power. Link must travel back and forward through time on many occasions throughout his quest to rescue the Sages and gain the strength necessary to defeat Ganondorf and bring an end to his reign as the King of Evil.
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- Here's where things get interesting. After Ocarina of Time there are actually three splits in the timeline, not two as previously believed.

[SPLIT 1: Hyrule's Decline and the Last Hero]

- This timeline, also referenced as timeline C (because nobody knew before now it existed), is what happens after the events of Ocarina of Time if the Hero of Time meets his death against Ganondorf.
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- After the death of Link the Sealing War takes place. Without Link to defend Hyrule the Sages take it in to their own hands and seal away Ganondorf themselves in the Sacred Realm. While in the Sacred Realm Ganondorf (now transformed permanently in to Ganon) builds up his power and turns it in to the Dark World.
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The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past

A Link to the Past documents what happens when Ganon has gained enough power to break from the Dark World and wreak havoc on Hyrule once again. Using Agahnim to cover up his plan, Ganon finally reveals himself to Link at the end of the game. Link's objective is to find the Master Sword and rescue the seven Maidens before he can even do battle against the King of Evil.
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The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Ages/Oracle of Seasons
After the events of A Link to the Past Link travels away from Hyrule to seek and help other lands after receiving a message from the Triforce, this leads to the events of the Oracle games. The Oracle games can be placed in any order (because the games can be played in any order), and when linked together they show the proper ending. It is revealed that Twinrova are trying to revive Ganon, but once again Link is at hand to save the day.
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The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening
After the events of the Oracle games Link is traveling back to Hyrule when his boat is caught in a storm at sea which renders him unconscious. This leads to the events of Link's Awakening. The events of Link's Awakening are believed to be a dream, but if you finish the game without dying you see an alternate ending that does hint otherwise.
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- After Link's Awakening another ere begins: The Gold Era. The Gold Era is the time where the monarchy of Hyrule use the Triforce to grant their wishes.
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- Eventually the Era of Gold starts to decline, ushering in a new era: The Era of Decline.
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The Legend of Zelda
In The Legend of Zelda Ganon is revived and kidnaps Princess Zelda in order to acquire the Triforce of Wisdom. But little does he know that Zelda already shattered it in to eight pieces, which the new Link sets off to find before defeating Ganon in a climatic duel, winning the Triforce of Power in the process.
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Zelda II: The Adventure of Link
The Adventure of Link tells the story of the Hero from the previous game traveling across Hyrule, defeating all the evil to prevent another resurrection of Ganon. When Link succeeds he acquires the Triforce of Courage to go along with the two he found in his previous adventure. He then unifies the Triforce, brings peace to Hyrule and awakens Zelda from her eternal sleep.
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- These events bring an end to this timeline.

[SPLIT 2: The Dark World and The Hero's Descendant]

- This split in the timeline documents what happens at the end of the Ocarina of Time if Link succeeds in killing Ganon and travels back in time to a child, thus starting The Child Era. When back as a child Link and Zelda inform the King of Ganondorf's planned treason, so they arrest him and sentence him to death before he can put his plan in to action.
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The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask
Majora's Mask is only a side story which shows what happens when Link leaves Hyrule and travels in search of a dear friend. Skull Kid, who possesses the Majora's Mask – a fabled mask of untold power, attacks Link while he was riding Epona through the Lost Woods. Skull Kid steals the Ocarina of Time and Epona, and Link gets caught up in a quest to save a town from getting destroyed by a Moon that will fall from the sky in just three days.
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- After the events of Majora's Mask Ganondorf receives his death sentence at the hands of the Sages, but when they fail to kill him they open the Mirror of Twilight and send him to the Twilight Realm instead. These events bring and end to the Child Era and start a new one: The Twilight Era.
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The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess
Twilight Princess roughly takes place 100 years after the events of Ocarina of Time and Majora's Mask. While trapped inside the Twilight Realm Ganondorf possesses Zant and grants him his power. Zant then uses this power to take over the Twilight Realm, transform its Queen Midna in to an imp then invade Hyrule and blanket it in Twilight. Link then rids Hyrule of its Twilight, defeats Zant and then confronts and kills the now free Ganondorf.
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- After the events of Twilight Princess a new era begins: The Shadow Era.
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The Legend of Zelda: Four Swords Adventures
Four Swords Adventures marks the resurrection of both Vaati and Ganon, only to see them yet again defeated by a Four Sword wielding Link.
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- These events bring an end to this timeline.

[SPLIT 3: The Wind Waker and the New World]

- This split documents what happens at the end of Ocarina of Time to the world in the future when Link travels back in time to his original era. With Ganon sealed all is at peace, but one day Ganon breaks his seal and takes over Hyrule unchallenged now that Link has disappeared. Because of his immense power the people of Hyrule can't defeat him, so they pray to the Gods who flood Hyrule with continual rainfall. These events marked The Era Without the Hero.
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- After Hyrule floods a new era begins: The Era of the Great Sea.
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The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker
The Wink Waker takes place on top of a great sea, underneath which Hyrule once was before it was flooded. The only land still visible here are the mountain tops of Hyrule, and people that survived the flooding managed to populate them. This starts the adventure of The Wind Waker, which sees Link travel across the ocean in an attempt to stop Ganondorf terrorizing the inhabitants of the sea.
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- When the events of The Wind Waker come to an end another new era begins: The Era of the Great Voyage.
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The Legend of Zelda: Phantom Hourglass
After defeating Ganondorf, Tetra and Link set off on a new adventure of discovery to find the fabled Ghost Ship, which is said to contain priceless amounts of treasure. When they find it Tetra jumps on board only for the ship to vanish. With this Link sets off across a new world to find and rescue her.
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- When the events of Phantom Hourglass finish a new era eventually beings: The Era of Hyrule's Rebirth. Eventually Link and Tetra discover a new land, which they name the new Hyrule. 100 years pass and their descendants have to fight against a new threat.
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The Legend of Zelda: Spirit Tracks
Steam power is the biggest advancement in technology in new Hyrule, as Trains become the main mode of transport. Link and Tetra's descendants must fight against Chancellor Cole and Byrne in order to stop the resurrection of Malladus. They fail to stop his resurrection, but Link goes on to defeat Malladus in a one on one fight.

Tuesday, November 22, 2011

The Manchurian Candidate

We now have gutted NASA, thanks to the his Manchurian politics. At least we know where he gets his politics. He gave all our high tech space data to china or at least waiting for China to land to the moon, right? Obamacare is a 5 year plan. There is also a five year plan on offshore drilling. There is a 5 year plan on NASA budget freeze.

I wanted to use the Smith act (18 U.S.C. § 2385) for impeachment, maybe.

Sunday, November 20, 2011

OPERA neutrino anomaly

OPERA neutrino anomaly has obsoleted Einstein's Theory of Relativity, because his uses a worse then light-speed algorithm. CERN will have to create an exception using a Theory of neutrino anomaly relativity. They arrived earlier by 60 nsec. Within the Standard-Model Extension (SME theory), various theorists have suggested that the neutrino have tachyonic nature. The faster-than-light propagation is possible without requiring moving objects to have imaginary mass. The Standard-Model Extension (SME theory) explains how neutrinos goes faster than light speed. Nuetrinos are found in nuclear reactors, nuclear bombs. Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan originally found nuetrinos inside nuclear bombs in 1956.

The spaceships use neutrinos so they must be plasma-based engines and we already have military astronauts in those TAW-50 fighter-bombers running on neutrinos/nuclear fission and magnetic anti-gravity mechanisms to sustain their structural stability with high MACH speeds. We can upgrade those in the near future.

Friday, November 18, 2011

openSUSE 12.1 review

With the sea-salt whiff of Fedora 16 still hanging in the air, we now have another updated Linux distribution based on the new 3.1 kernel. OpenSUSE 12.1 offers the GNOME 3.2 shell along with KDE, Xfce and LXDE desktop flavors should you prefer something different. There are goodies like Chromium 17 and Firefox 7 and improved server side tools including WebYaST, Horde 4 apps and the ability to run on the Amazon EC2 cloud. The source link below lists plenty more improvements and of course they're all free. Software should also run faster on SUSE machines thanks to the link-time optimisation of GCC 4.6.2.

Here a Windows installation exists in parallel, openSUSE defaults to installing the boot manager in the Linux partition's boot sector and sets the active flag for this partition.

Special highlights are the Btrfs snapshot management tools and the resulting roll-back function in Yast – no other distribution currently offers this functionality. The Yast module doesn't yet allow users to create custom snapshots or delete individual snapshots from the list.








openSUSE 12.1's default browser is Firefox 7, its default email client is Thunderbird 7.0.1, and LibreOffice 3.4.2 is included.

the Packman repository should be enabled in the software manager of openSUSE's Yast admin tool, as it contains various multimedia codecs.

ZFS is copy-on-write, self-healing with 256-bit checksums, supports compression, online pool growth, scales much better than the UFS file-system commonly used on BSD operating systems, supports snapshots, supports deduplication, and the list goes on for the features of this file-system .

Otherwise, BTRFS is a lot faster (3x) with compression enabled than ZFS. BTFS also beats EXT4. At 32 threads of 32MB random writes, Btrfs continued running just fine (36MB/sec) while ZFS dropped to writing at 1.67MB/s, this was barely faster than the UFS+S speed of 1.63MB/s.

Remember BSD 8.2 BSD has slower file system, but more highest security and built for mission critical data like databases like health records that need protection from Chinese.


desktop shells 9.0 - KDE 4.7.2 faster than KDE 4.6.0 in 11.4 and KDE 4.5.5 in PC-BSD 8.2
filesystem 10 - beats ZFS in performance
overall 9.0

My lefty church





In this religion, the dove is the "holy spirit" I don't go to church anymore
 


Lutheran books (Lutheran Church Missouri Synod)

 Based on  "Forgotten book" edition with added Lutheran bias
 Lutheran Scriptures ( 95 theses )
 Layman terms
 Lutheran (ESV 2k7) biased Bible notes
 Holidays?

== ELCA ==


 
== Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod ==


1984 NIV Lutheran notes
Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod (WELS)

 Lutheran Synods Differences



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